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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Актуальные проблемы высшего музыкального образования</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-1769</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26086/NK.2025.78.3.004</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Гантер Шуллер — универсальный музыкант (к столетию со дня рождения)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gunther Schuller — a Universal Musician (To the Centenary of His Birth)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акопян</surname><given-names>Левон Оганесович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hakobian</surname><given-names>Levon H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>levonh451@yandex.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000–0002–05246–4697</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Institute for Art Studies (Moscow, Russia)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный институт искусствознания (Москва, Россия)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-13"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>3 (78)</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-10"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена творчеству Гантера&#13;
Шуллера (1925–2015) — одного из самых разносторонних,&#13;
мастеровитых и влиятельных музыкантов США.&#13;
Потомственный оркестровый музыкант, он начинал&#13;
свою профессиональную карьеру как валторнист.&#13;
Приобрел известность также как композитор, джазмен,&#13;
симфонический и оперный дирижер, педагог, музыкальный&#13;
администратор, издатель, редактор и популяризатор музыки.&#13;
Ввел в оборот термин «третье течение», обозначающий&#13;
синтез современной западной академической музыки&#13;
и музыки различных неевропейских культур, прежде всего&#13;
джаза, и был виднейшим представителем этого течения&#13;
(характерен сравнительно часто исполняемый оркестровый&#13;
цикл «Семь этюдов на темы Пауля Клее»). Вместе с тем&#13;
обширное, многожанровое, стилистически разнообразное&#13;
композиторское наследие Шуллера включает ряд крупных&#13;
оркестровых партитур, выполненных сложным атональным&#13;
языком и не имеющих отношения к «третьему течению».&#13;
В некоторых из них Шуллер предстает наследником&#13;
нововенского экспрессионизма, в иных тяготеет скорее&#13;
к пейзажно-живописному импрессионизму. Значительной&#13;
познавательной и педагогической ценностью обладает&#13;
трактат Шуллера «Совершенный дирижер»: обзор истории,&#13;
теории и эстетики дирижирования, содержащий детальные&#13;
дирижерские анализы нескольких классических партитур&#13;
и критику интерпретаций дирижеров-«звезд». В качестве&#13;
альтернативы Шуллер предложил запись собственных,&#13;
в некоторых отношениях своеобразных и новаторских&#13;
трактовок симфоний Бетховена и Брамса</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The article is dedicated to the work of Gunther&#13;
Schuller (1925–2015) — one of the most versatile, skilled, and&#13;
influential musicians in the United States. A hereditary orchestral&#13;
musician, he began his professional career as a French horn&#13;
player. He also gained recognition as a composer, jazz musician,&#13;
symphonic and opera conductor, educator, music administrator,&#13;
publisher, editor, and music popularizer. Schuller introduced the&#13;
term “Third Stream,” referring to the synthesis of contemporary&#13;
Western art music and music from non-European cultures,&#13;
especially jazz. He was one of the leading figures of the “Third&#13;
Stream” movement, exemplified by his frequently performed&#13;
orchestral cycle Seven Studies on Themes of Paul Klee. At the&#13;
same time Schuller’s extensive, multi-genre, and stylistically&#13;
diverse legacy includes a number of major orchestral scores&#13;
written in a complex atonal language, unrelated to the Third&#13;
Stream. In some of these works, Schuller appears as a successor&#13;
to the Expressionism of the New Viennese School, while in others&#13;
he leans more toward a landscape-painterly Impressionism.&#13;
Schuller’s highly valuable treatise The Compleat Conductor&#13;
offers a comprehensive overview of the history, theory, and&#13;
aesthetics of conducting, including detailed analyses of several&#13;
classical scores and critiques of performances by celebrity&#13;
conductors. As an alternative, Schuller proposed recordings of&#13;
his own interpretations of Beethoven and Brahms symphonies,&#13;
which are innovative and unusual in some respects</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Гантер Шуллер</kwd><kwd>джаз</kwd><kwd>третье течение</kwd><kwd>«Безумство Эрота»</kwd><kwd>«Семь этюдов на темы Пауля Клее»</kwd><kwd>двенадцатитоновость</kwd><kwd>дирижирование,</kwd><kwd>«Совершенный дирижер»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Gunther Schuller</kwd><kwd>jazz,</kwd><kwd>Third Stream</kwd><kwd>“Vertige d’Eros”</kwd><kwd>“Seven Studies on Themes of Paul Klee”</kwd><kwd>twelve-tone writing</kwd><kwd>conducting</kwd><kwd>“The Compleat Conductor”</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Hoffmann, James Avery and Maneri, Joseph Gabriel (1986), “A Conversation with Gunther Schuller”, Perspectives of New Music, vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 242–249.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Schuller, Gunther (2011), A Life in Pursuit of Music and Beauty, University of Rochester Press, Rochester.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Stuckenschmidt, Hans Heinz (1974), Schönberg: Leben, Umwelt, Werk, Atlantis, Zürich.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref4"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Taruskin,  Richard (2005), The Oxford History of Western Music. 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